Phambi, isicatalanname baba ebekwe kwimida isiswedish realm
I-isicatalanname imbambano yayiyenye lokuqala imiba ubeke phezulu kuba arbitration yi-League Yezizwe kwi yayo ukumiselwa kwebandla. ke imfuneko mna-determination akazange kuhlangatyezwana nazo kwaye sovereignty phezu kweziqithi waba retained yi-Finland, kodwa ngamazwe iziqinisekiso zanikwa ukuvumela abantu behlabathi ukumsukela eyakhe inkcubeko, relieving i-threat ka-banyanzeleka assimilation yi-isifinnish inkcubeko njengoko waqwalasela yi-islandersNangona kunjalo, Treaty ka-Fredrikshamn ngoseptemba, Sweden kwafuneka kuncama ulawulo kweziqithi, ihamba kunye Finland, Imperial Saserashiya. I-Grand Duchy ka-Finland waba i-autonomous qumrhu, kuquka Åland Kweziqithi, ngaphakathi Russian Empire. Yi-Treaty of Paris ka-aprili, apho waphela owamashumi Crimean Imfazwe, Usa kufuneka Us ukuba withhold ukwakhiwa na entsha fortifications kwi kweziqithi.
Oku stipulation waba yamthobela, nangona luphumelele azame tshintsha imo ye-demilitarised kweziqithi ngowe.
Noko ke, ngowe, ekuqaleni Wokuqala Ihlabathi Imfazwe, isirussian urhulumente waguqukela kweziqithi kwi submarine isiseko kuba ukusetyenziswa British kwaye Russian submarines ngexesha imfazwe.
Ngodisemba, ndisoyika i-iziphumo ye-Russian oktobha Revolution, isifinnish ipalamente wabhengeza ukuba Finland kwaba ngoku a sovereign urhulumente, ubizo kwi-siseko wesizwe mna-determination.
I kakhulu efanayo ekwindla, Ålanders kokuba umbutho kuba kwezabo mna-determination, ndisoyika yintoni babona njengoko excessive yenza ingxenye yesakhelo somgaqo-pro-Finnishness kwaye antayi-Swedishness kwi-Efinland. Ngesi sihlandlo, kulungile ngaphezu ka-kweziqithi' abemi mbasa ngokwabo isiswedish, stationed military yamagosa ayifakwanga, umahluko ukuba Mainland Finland, apho ngaphantsi elinesihlanu baba isiswedish-ukuthetha. Ngokungafaniyo kwi-Åland, elidlulileyo amabini eminyaka loluntu tensions kokuba kanjalo worsened considerably kwi-Efinland. I-Ålanders' impendulo ke umnqweno secession kwi-Grand Duchy ka-Finland kwaye Russian Empire, apho baya waziva abancinane affiliation, kwaye isicelo kuba annexation yi-Sweden. Sweden ke amandla bomgangatho waba, nangona kunjalo, preoccupied kunye Sweden ke kwenkqubo yolawulo lwentando yesininzi ukuba waba kutshanje laqalisa ngo a conservative ikhabhinethi ukuze kwezo zinto - revolutionary currents phakathi isiswedish abasebenzi. Ukuba ukusebenza, Sweden onayo omtsha liberal prime ngumphathiswa, kwaye okokuqala socialists kwi-ikhabhinethi. Nangona activist izangqa uvale i-royal inkundla baba enthusiastic ngakulo Ålanders' plea kuba isiswedish inkxaso, activists kokuba ezilahlekileyo zabo ezopolitiko impembelelo ngowe, kwaye ekugqibeleni kanjalo indlebe bakakumkani Gustav V. Abameli kuba Ålanders baba fed sympathetic amazwi kwaye engenanto phrases. Kungesiso Liberals okanye Socialists ezikhokelela Sweden ngokusebenzisa yokugqibela kunyaka ka-Imfazwe Yehlabathi mna ngabona slightest bit anomdla kuyo nantoni na ukuze kokuba ukwenza kunye activist adventurist imigaqo-nkqubo ukumkani ngokupheleleyo ekuvunyelwene ngalo yakhe ikhabhinethi kwi ga. I-isifinnish Zasekuhlaleni Imfazwe ukuqala ngojanuwari, xa kuqaliswayo akazange guqula le meko. Sweden ke Loluntu Democrats kokuba ngonyaka phambi sakho sihlanjululwe i-revolutionaries ukususela umntu, kwaye baba sympathetic kodwa unsupportive ye-socialist republic kwi-Efinland.
I-Mhlophe karhulumente kwi-Vaasa bakubona ngokwahlukileyo
Yabo coalition partners kwi-ikhabhinethi, Liberals, ukuba mhlawumbi ezisuka zande sympathize nge White karhulumente kwi-Finland, kodwa babesele traditionally neutralist kwaye ngaphezu koko baye ngenye suspicious zabo isifinnish counterparts. Abo non-socialists kwi-Finland babengengawo ardent fennomans seemed kwi-Swedish Liberals ngakumbi na Conservatives baba kusetyenziswa njengoko kunokwenzeka zabo ezopolitiko iintshaba. Exaggerated imibiko civilian apprehension malunga approaching combatants ka-zasekuhlaleni imfazwe ngenxa, nangona kunjalo, dispatch of a encinci isiswedish naval expedition, inikwe uxanduva lokubhalisa nokuxhasa kunye evacuating civilians abo wished kuyo. Oko intliziyo phandle ukuba akukho civilians wished evacuation, kodwa naval omncinci proudly brokered nokuphela ukuba hostilities kwaye zihleli kwi Engundoqo Island njengokuba uxolo-ukugcina umkhosi. Kucacile ukuba lesixokelelwane lomyalelo waba considerably ngakumbi ezisuka zande ngakulo unyaka wonke ngaphandle Socialist Umphathiswa Yokhuselo, abo ngokulandelelanayo waba ekubeni abe considerably ngakumbi supportive ka la manyathelo okungenelela kunokuba yakhe ikhabhinethi nabo. Kubalulekile ngaphantsi cacisa ukuba yintoni iqondo amanye amalungu ekhabhinethi baba amagqabantshintshi ngendlela phakathi ikhabhinethi iintlanganiso, okanye nkqu nokuba kokuba a kuthi. Tumba akazange ndiyawazi into ka mzuzu, kwaye nantoni na ukuze kwenzeke waba yenza ezi yi-government kwaye kulungile-intentioned yi-naval igosa eliphetheyo. Baba ubukrakra phezu nokungabikho inkxaso evela Sweden ngokuchasene socialist rebels, kwaye kulungile-ezifanelekileyo malunga activist unqwenela re-kufumana i-isicatalanname, ukususela abaninzi isiswedish military amagosa abo volunteered ukuba kwenzeka Mhlophe Finland ke inkxaso baba uvale i-ezikhokelela activists. I-Mhlophe urhulumente waba alarmed yi-arrival ka-Swedish troops kwi isifinnish emhlabeni, kwaye suspicious ka-Sweden ke Socialist Umphathiswa Yokhuselo. A isijamani naval umkhosi waba urgently wabuza ukususa isiswedish troops ukusuka Åland. I-ezikhokelela isiswedish Loluntu Democrat, Hjalmar Branting, opted zokusingatha lo mba purely ukususela standpoint komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhabhinethi ka-Finland bazibona le indawo njengokuba purely enzima enye, kwaye imbambano phezu nokuba kweziqithi rightfully belonged ukuba Sweden okanye Finland ensued. Ngowe, kwakhona ngaphandle yokuba ipesenti ye kweziqithi' abantu behlabathi waba isiswedish kwaye ukuba baya isitsho i-phantse unanimous babuza ekubeni idityaniswe kwi Sweden i-League Yezizwe omiselwe ukuba isicatalanname kufuneka ahlale phantsi isifinnish sovereignty, apho rhoqo attributed ukuba zezakhono yayo Umphathiswa kwi-Paris, Carl Enckell, abaye kanjalo waba envoy ukuba League Yezizwe eliphetheyo ka-Finland u-ntetho ye-Åland umbuzo. Merit kanjalo attributed ukuba Finland ke, Envoy ukuba Ijapan, unjingalwazi G. Ramstedt, abo zilawulwe ukuba kuwazisa i-Isijapanese kwigqiza labathunywa kwi-League Yezizwe ukuba isicatalanname ingaba enyanisweni a eqhubekayo archipelago ukuba izimanya nabemi nge Finland, kwaye ngaphaya koko, ukuba nzulu elwandle amanzi ezahlukeneyo kukuwahlengahlengisa ukusuka Sweden. Japan ke owakhe umdla kwi-uphando Pacific kweziqithi izakuba aided yi-enjalo precedent, kwaye ngenxa yoko wanika ebalulekileyo inkxaso Efinland.
I-interrelated iingxaki kwi-ubudlelwane phakathi phakathi Sweden kwaye Finland baba kugqitywe nge-mid-s, xa weakened igunya lomgaqo-League Yezizwe signalled a kakhulu harsher ngamazwe isimo.
Uloyiko isicatalanname' falling phantsi ulawulo Nazi Sasejamani okanye i-Soviet Union waba kakhulu real, kwaye yiloo nto Sweden ke Langaphandle Umphathiswa Sandler ezicetywayo retaining ubume kweziqithi nangona Sweden ke longstanding umgaqo-nkqubo neutrality.
Oluneenkcukacha defensive izicwangciso zenziwa nangona kunjalo, end, Sweden opted na inxaxheba yokhuselo ka-kweziqithi.
Ngowe, Finland wanika libanzi-reaching yenkcubeko kwaye ezopolitiko autonomy ukuba isicatalanname. I-League Yezizwe mbasa ezi amanyathelo njengoko satisfying iimfuno ukukhusela isiswedish ulwimi nenkcubeko apho. Ngexesha ikhosi ye-th century, isifinnish sovereignty bebe waqwalasela njengoko benevolent, kwaye nkqu beneficial, yi-ngokwandisa amanani i-islanders. Kunye disappointment phezu akonelanga inkxaso evela Sweden kwi-League Yezizwe, isiswedish disrespect kuba Åland ke demilitarized isimo kwi-s, kwaye abanye iqondo a ndinovelwano sharedi destiny kunye Finland ngexesha kwaye emva kokuba Imfazwe Yehlabathi II, oku kwadala a itshintshe perception ka-Åland ke ngokunxulumene Finland: ukusuka 'a isiswedish kwiphondo kwi-isifinnish ulawulo' 'i-autonomous inxalenye Finland'.
