I-isigaba-ngaphandle yaqalisa a ambalwa eminyaka kamva
I-Swedish ilifa irhafu ethe existed ezahlukeneyo permutations ukususela th centuryUkuhlawula irhafu waba assessed ngokuchasene nezakhiwo acquired nge-lifa, bequest kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ubomi i-inshorensi.
Ukuhlawula irhafu waba ibalwa ngokusemthethweni kwi-ixabiso indlalifa ke share ye-estate, waba progressive kwaye varied kuxhomekeka phezu irhafu iklasi apho indlalifa belonged.
Ilifa elo irhafu umyinge yafikelela ubungqina obukhulu ngowe, kunye phezulu bezinga asixhenxe ipesenti osebenza amaqabane nabantwana. Ngowe, nyaka xa kwaba arhoxiswe, irhafu umyinge waba amathathu ipesenti.
Isipho irhafu waba kuqala ngokwendlela ngokunjalo
Ilifa kwaye isipho iirhafu baba zange a substantial umthombo wengeniso kuba isiswedish state. Ingeniso evela ilifa kwaye isipho iirhafu ufikelele yayo encotsheni kwi-s e-malunga ne. Xa ilifa irhafu waba arhoxiswe, ingeniso equaled malunga ne. elinesihlanu ipesenti ka-GDP Eyona izizathu kuba endaweni sele ngokusekelwe notions ka-isidima kwaye ubutyebi redistribution, kwaye dibanisa umbala kwaye legitimise ezinye izinto umthetho, ezifana ubutyebi irhafu.
I-classic umzekelo i-destructive ifuthe ilifa irhafu waba lomtshato eliseleyo ezingakwazi ayisasebenzi afford ukuphila kwi-heavily taxed usapho ekhaya ngenxa yokuba yonke impahla yexabiso baba iqinisiwe phezulu kwi-propati.
Ngokunjalo, iintsapho ezininzi banyanzeleka ukuba sithengise usapho amakhaya kwaye iholide cottages.
Iimeko ezinjalo zazikude unusual kwaye nkqu i-low sums ka-irhafu ngenxa ayikwazi sizathu tremendous personal kwenzakala. Oku kunokuba enaphatha kuba ngenxa Swedes ngabo, yi-ngamazwe uthelekiso, mbasa njengoko ekubeni abancinane afumaneka ngokuzenzekela ikhona imali.
I-khaya savings umyinge kanjalo low, mhlawumbi ngenxa phezulu trust kwizivumelwano nentlalo-ntle iindlela kwaye ukhuseleko loluntu net.
Eyona nto ingxaki kunye ilifa irhafu waphakama kusapho amashishini kwi-unxulumano kunye intergenerational succession.
Ezi ngxaki kokuba kokukhona profound zoko phezu kuluntu jikelele kwaye isiswedish kuqoqosho. Isiseko kuba taxation, nkqu kunye uncedo imigaqo ungeniswa kwizihlandlo eziliqela, ingakumbi ukuba khanyisa - mthwalo ngomhla amancinci kwaye usapho amashishini, rhoqo consisted ka-iqinisiwe impahla yexabiso. Ushishino abanini-mhlaba baba compelled ukuba arhoxe okungamanzi impahla yexabiso ukusuka kwishishini. Ingeniso, taxed njengoko inzala, waba ke kusetyenziswa ukuhlawula ilifa irhafu. Nkqu ukuba inkampani kokuba elungiselelwe yosasazo ye-estate, irhafu ucwangciso kuthatha ixesha, amandla kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imali kude ezingundoqo imisebenzi yoshishino. Akubanga unusual ukuba ilifa irhafu drained iinkampani ke ngoko, kakhulu imali ukuze zabo elizayo uphuhliso waba endangered. Iintsapho na Wallenbergs itshintshe zabo ezingundoqo ishishini kwi isiseko ekhuselekileyo yayo elizayo. Abanye ngokulula ekhohlo kweli lizwe, ethabatha zabo i-fortunes kwaye amashishini kunye nabo. Tetra Pak umseki Ruben Rausing, IKEA umseki Ingvar Kamprad kwaye industrialist Fredrik Lundberg zonke bakhetha emigrate, ikakhulu ngenxa isiswedish irhafu-nkqubo. Kwi, ezentlalo-ntle Yesininzi urhulumente wonyulwa a ezasepalamente inquiry lokuphonononga kwaye ukuhlola iirhafu kwi mashishini. Kukho ikhangeleka zithe lokukhula ukuqonda phakathi Loluntu Democrats le iingxaki enxulumene ezi irhafu. Kwabakho kanjalo inyuke nkxalabo malunga njani isiswedish iirhafu kwi eyinkunzi isebenza ngendlela globalised ihlabathi. I-ezasepalamente inquiry wacebisa ngojuni substantial reductions le ilifa kwaye isipho irhafu. Kodwa oku kwaba ngokuqinisekileyo ayanelanga Protests ukusuka entrepreneurs baba enkulu kwaye impendulo kwi-proposal waba kakhulu kakhulu. Ngoseptemba ezentlalo-ntle Democrats, Oluhlaza Iqela Ekhohlo Iqela zaziswe i-news malunga lwabiwo-mali osayilwayo kuba. Kokuba bonke bavumelana ukurhoxiswa ilifa elo, kwaye isipho irhafu ngokupheleleyo. Urhulumente wabhala,"Kuba izizathu kuquka ekuphuculeni iimeko kuba iqhuba kushishino, ilifa kwaye isipho werhafu yi-arhoxiswe, nto leyo iza ukuququzelela generational succession."I-ngokuqhubekayo azame craft ukukhutshelwa anike uncedo amancinane ezingama-nosapho-owned amashishini kokuba proven inadequate.
Amalungu ezopolitiko ekugqibeleni kwabonakala ukuba akubanga kunokwenzeka ukuba exempt, naliphi na ixesha okanye predictable indlela, ezithile iinkampani ukususela destructive iziphumo le ilifa irhafu ngaphandle ngaxeshanye undermining isiseko lomthetho werhafu uphela.
Ndicinga ukuba isijamani amalungu ezopolitiko, emva Karlsruhe ke verdict, ngoku ubuso efanayo mngeni.
I-abolition selifa kwaye isipho irhafu iphawulwe ukuqala a ngokubanzi-mpikiswano yabafundi kwi ubunini imiba kwi-Sweden, ngxoxo-mpikiswano ukuba ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela abolition ubutyebi irhafu kwi- kwaye ngaphezulu amanyathelo afanelekileyo taxation ye umnini-wakhokela amakhulu.
Ezi reforms zenziwa yi-zozibini Loluntu Yesininzi urhulumente ebelikhokelwa Göran Persson, yalandela phezulu phezu yi-Fredrik Reinfeldt ke iziko-ilungelo urhulumente. Ukurhoxiswa ezi destructive iirhafu sele inikwa Sweden a ezincomekayo irhafu system kwaye sele azisa entrepreneurs notyalo-mali eyinkunzi emva kweli lizwe. A ezincomekayo irhafu indlela yenza kakhulu kuhlumo loqoqosho kwaye njalo kakhulu irhafu revenues. Ukuhlawula irhafu ulwalamano kwehla ukusuka mahlanu omnye GDP kwi- ukuba amane-ezine ngo, nkqu njengoko irhafu yengeniso ingeniso ukwanda nge-SEK bn, silungelelaniswa kuba wokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Lo ngenxa eziliqela kuquka amanyathelo ukurhoxiswa isipho, ilifa kwaye net ubutyebi irhafu kunye iziko le-umsebenzi irhafu yamatyala, apho sele ukuqwalasela okuthethwayo ukuba ngakumbi abantu kuba imisebenzi ukuya. Namhlanje Ingvar Kamprad nezinye entrepreneurs kuba bafudukela emva Sweden kwaye isiswedish usapho ishishini abanini-mhlaba azidingi worry na vetshe malunga ilifa irhafu ucwangciso. Lezopolitiko inkxaso kuba ezi reforms yomelele, kuphela Ekhohlo Umntu unelungelo itshintshe yalo mgaqo-nkqubo ukusukela ngo. Sweden? ingaba ephezulu emailfull trust irhafu umyinge ehlabathini kwaye iirhafu savings e phantse phinda kabini umyinge kwi ukusebenza kwenye indawo. Thina? desperately kufuneka thoba irhafu Kodwa kumazwe angaphandle abafundi bethu incwadi entsha babe ukufumana ezinye umdla iinyaniso kwaye amava ukususela isiswedish ilifa irhafu komhlaba kwi. Anders Ydstedt yi iqabane lakho ngalo Scantech isicwangciso-Buchule Abacebisi, apho advises enkulu isiswedish ishishini kwaye imibutho yoshishino. Ngowe, lowo isebenza njengokuba phulo umphathi ngomhla Confederation of isiswedish Yeshishini ngokuchasene ilifa irhafu.
